See -ostь on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ascʹ",
"word": "-асць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-oscʹ",
"tags": [
"stressed"
],
"word": "-осць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"Taraškievica spelling"
],
"roman": "-asʹcʹ",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
],
"word": "-асьць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"Taraškievica spelling"
],
"roman": "-osʹcʹ",
"tags": [
"stressed"
],
"word": "-осьць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ostʹ",
"word": "-ость"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-istʹ",
"word": "-ість"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ostĭ",
"word": "-ость"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ostĭ",
"word": "-ⱁⱄⱅⱐ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-ost",
"word": "-ост"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-ost",
"word": "-ост"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-ост"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-ost"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-ost"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-ost"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ość"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "-ość"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "-osc",
"word": "-осц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-osť"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "-osť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "-osc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-ôsc"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-osć"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-osć"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-astis<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-Hostis>>",
"id": "-ness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-Hostis\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-astis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ostь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"-ness\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-ostь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_-ness\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-astis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-Hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-astis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "-𒀸𒋾𒅖",
"tr": "-aš-ti-iš",
"ts": "-aštiš"
},
"expansion": "Hittite -𒀸𒋾𒅖 (-aš-ti-iš /-aštiš/)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-Hostis\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis. Cognate with Lithuanian -astis.\nThere are several theories of origin:\n* Cognate with Hittite -𒀸𒋾𒅖 (-aš-ti-iš /-aštiš/) (in [script needed] n (dalugašti-, “length”) < [script needed] pl (dalugaeš, “long”, adj.)).\n* According to Halla-Aho, by double suffixation */-ot-tь/. e.g. *dobrъ → *dobrota → *dobrostь.\nHas a reconstructed valence “−” (minus), that is, the accent paradigm c.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-osti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-estь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ostь f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ostь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "čìstъ + *-ostь → *čìstostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "jȗnъ + *-ostь → *junostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "krě̑pъ + *-ostь → *krě̑postь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mǫ̃drъ + *-ostь → *mǫdròstь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ràdъ + *-ostь → *ràdostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stàrъ + *-ostь → *stàrostь",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with adjectival stems to form abstract nouns; -ness"
],
"id": "en--ostь-sla-pro-suffix-zmk4i-Ht",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ostь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-ascʹ",
"word": "-асць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "-oscʹ",
"tags": [
"stressed"
],
"word": "-осць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"Taraškievica spelling"
],
"roman": "-asʹcʹ",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
],
"word": "-асьць"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"Taraškievica spelling"
],
"roman": "-osʹcʹ",
"tags": [
"stressed"
],
"word": "-осьць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "-ostʹ",
"word": "-ость"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "-istʹ",
"word": "-ість"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ostĭ",
"word": "-ость"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "-ostĭ",
"word": "-ⱁⱄⱅⱐ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "-ost",
"word": "-ост"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "-ost",
"word": "-ост"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-ост"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "-ost"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "-ost"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "-ost"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "-ość"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "-ość"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "-osc",
"word": "-осц"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "-osť"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "-osť"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "-osc"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "-ôsc"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "-osć"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "-osć"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-bsl-pro:*-astis<ety:inh<ine-pro:*-Hostis>>",
"id": "-ness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-Hostis\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-astis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ostь\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }\" data-id=\"-ness\" data-lang=\"sla-pro\" data-title=\"*-ostь\" id=\"Proto-Slavic:_-ness\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-astis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-Hostis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-astis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -astis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "-𒀸𒋾𒅖",
"tr": "-aš-ti-iš",
"ts": "-aštiš"
},
"expansion": "Hittite -𒀸𒋾𒅖 (-aš-ti-iš /-aštiš/)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-Hostis\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-astis\nProto-Slavic *-ostь\nFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *-astis, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hostis. Cognate with Lithuanian -astis.\nThere are several theories of origin:\n* Cognate with Hittite -𒀸𒋾𒅖 (-aš-ti-iš /-aštiš/) (in [script needed] n (dalugašti-, “length”) < [script needed] pl (dalugaeš, “long”, adj.)).\n* According to Halla-Aho, by double suffixation */-ot-tь/. e.g. *dobrъ → *dobrota → *dobrostь.\nHas a reconstructed valence “−” (minus), that is, the accent paradigm c.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostь̀jь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьmì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ostьjù",
"roman": "-osťu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍstьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-osti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ȍsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-estь",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"cat": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ostь f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ostь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "čìstъ + *-ostь → *čìstostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "jȗnъ + *-ostь → *junostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "krě̑pъ + *-ostь → *krě̑postь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mǫ̃drъ + *-ostь → *mǫdròstь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ràdъ + *-ostь → *ràdostь",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stàrъ + *-ostь → *stàrostь",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used with adjectival stems to form abstract nouns; -ness"
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ostь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ostь meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.